WorkflowAccounts Receivable Automation (Order-to-Cash)

Invoice Dispute Management

Dispute management software for AR: ask the agents, see the proof, approve the answer

Disputes settled on proof in days, and every credit checked against the contract.

See one case, screen by screen ↓
demo$288,840kept dueof a $316,200 invoice — reminders paused on the $27,360 in dispute only
demo8proof itemsgathered from the ERP, contracts, carrier and mailbox 10 minutes after the customer's email, each checked against the disputed line
target100%of credits checked against the contract by a second agent before posting
target8daysto settle a dispute, against 30–60 days typical
In short

What is Invoice Dispute Management?

Dispute management software for B2B accounts receivable teams. Eight agents read each customer dispute wherever it arrives, link it to the invoice line, gather the PO, contract, amendments and proof of delivery, propose who is right with an independent check against the contract, and draft the reply and any credit memo in the customer's terms. The AR specialist approves, edits or rejects with a reason, and credits above their limit go to the AR manager or the controller.

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Updated

The problem

Why one wrong-looking invoice line waits a month

A B2B customer writes "your invoice is wrong" and holds all of it. The proof that settles it sits in five places: the PO and price list in the ERP, the supply agreement and its latest amendment in the contract repository, the order acknowledgement, the carrier's proof of delivery, and whatever sales said in the CRM. The AR specialist logs a case with a reason code, asks sales ops, logistics and the customer for backup, and waits — often days for a POD or for sales to answer.

Meanwhile a $27,360 price question holds a $316,200 invoice unless someone asks for the undisputed balance. Under time pressure small credits are granted to make a dispute go away when the contract would have said no, and a manager signs the credit memo without the proof attached. The root-cause code is picked from a list at closing, if at all, so the same internal mistake produces next month's dispute.

typical39%of AR professionals say disputes cause over a quarter of their late payments
typical30–60daysto resolve a B2B invoice dispute in North America
Where a dispute's working days goestimated
By hand13 days
With the solution2.7 days
  • Logging the dispute and finding the invoice line1 → 0.1 d
  • Collecting the PO, contract, amendments and proof of delivery4 → 0.1 d
  • Asking sales whether anything was promised3 → 1 d
  • Deciding who is right and writing the reply2 → 0.5 d
  • Credit memo approval above the specialist's limit3 → 1 d

Estimated split of the working days a typical price or delivery dispute takes inside AR, by hand and with the solution; the customer's own review time is not included.

How it works

How a dispute is settled

Eight agents read, prove, decide, cross-check against the contract and draft; the AR specialist approves and managers sign credits.

What comes in
Where disputes arrive5 channels · email, AP portals, dispute form, calls, short payments
Agents at work
Intake readerlinks the invoice line
Classifierreason · owner · clock
Then
Proof gathererERP · contracts · carrier
Then
Decision agentwho is right, how much
Contract checkersecond opinion
Then
Reply and credit draftercustomer's terms
Root-cause analyststops the next one
A person decides
AR specialist approves · managers sign creditsapprove, edit or reject with a reason
What comes out
Reply with proof
Credit within limits
Root cause fixed
One case, step by step

One price dispute, from the customer's email to a signed answer

Ashcombe Labs, a diagnostics laboratory group and a Kestrel & Vane Group customer, says invoice INV-20931 overbills 228,000 sterile sample tubes by $27,360. Here is how Ben Ortiz, AR specialist, works the case with the agents — asking them questions in plain words, opening every source they cite, and approving the answer — screen by screen in the working solution.

  1. 01Wednesday morning

    The agents worked the queue overnight and wrote him a brief

    Ben Ortiz · AR specialist

    Ben's home screen says the agents worked his 24 open disputes overnight and read 6 new ones: 10 need him ($71,422 disputed), $244,790 is in dispute, 4 answers are due this week and 9 were resolved this week for $30,470. The Needs you list is in the order the agents suggest — answer date, then amount — and beside it the report writer's morning brief, every line with its source.

    “Biggest today: Ashcombe Labs, $27,360 on price. The invoice is right: their PO missed Amendment No. 3.”

  2. 0207:30 brief · 09:24

    He asks the brief a question, in plain words

    Ben Ortiz · AR specialist

    Under the brief is an ask box: "Ask about any dispute, customer or credit". Ben asks what is due this week. The report writer answers in the thread: four answers are due by Friday — Oxenford Health today, with Marta Kowal; Sable Ridge Mining and Orrin Medical Group on 16 Oct, both waiting for sales; and Quintrell Hotels on 16 Oct, whose reply is ready for him. One is past due: Stanmore Rail Services, with Grace Achebe since 8 Oct.

    Suggested questions sit under the box: “What is due this week?” · “Which credits need Marta?” · “Why so many price disputes?”

  3. 03Overnight arrivals

    New disputes from every channel, read and linked to the line

    Intake reader · Classifier

    Six arrivals since 17:00 yesterday — from email, a customer's supplier portal, Kestrel & Vane's own dispute form, a call note from Ines Moreau in customer service and a short payment from cash application. Juniper Row Labs' email is linked to INV-21004 line 2 at 0.95 confidence, $1,140 disputed, and the classifier proposes Short delivery, owner Ben Ortiz, answer within 10 business days, reminders paused on $1,140 only. A duplicate and a "not a dispute" are flagged; one short payment is marked "Check the reading".

    “Your call — nothing is opened until you accept.”

  4. 047 Oct, 09:12 – 09:24

    One case: the customer's thread on the left, the proof pack on the right

    Rhea Talbot · Ashcombe Labs, AP lead

    Rhea Talbot, AP lead at Ashcombe, writes that INV-20931 bills the KV-ST10 tubes at $1.37 while PO 4500-77812 says $1.25, and that Ashcombe is holding the invoice. Two minutes later the intake reader has linked it to line 1 and paused reminders on the $27,360 only — the undisputed $288,840 stays due on 18 Oct. The classifier calls it a price dispute, owner Ben, answer by 21 Oct, and an acknowledgement goes to Rhea under rule R-01. At 09:24 the decision agent, at 0.96, says the invoice is right: Amendment No. 3 sets $1.37 for deliveries shipped from 1 Sep, the order shipped on 16 Sep, and Ashcombe did not object to the acknowledgement at $1.37 within 5 business days.

    Every agent message shows its confidence and numbered citations to what it read. Credit owed $0; $316,200 to collect by 18 Oct.

  5. 0509:22 · ten minutes in

    Eight items, each checked against the disputed line

    Proof gatherer

    The proof gatherer pulls 8 items from the ERP, the contract repository, the carrier and the mailbox: the customer PO at $1.25 (their claim), supply agreement SA-2291, Amendment No. 3, order acknowledgement SO-118402, Northgate Freight's proof of delivery, the ERP price list, earlier invoices and a CRM note. Ben opens Amendment No. 3: signed 1 Aug 2026 by Owen Marsh of Ashcombe, it applies to all deliveries shipped on or after 1 September 2026, whatever the date of the purchase order.

    “Kept with the case · highlighted text is what the agent used.”

  6. 067 Oct 09:25 · one question today

    A second agent that could have disagreed, and one question for sales

    Contract checker · Callum Reyes, sales

    The contract checker, working on its own at 0.97, agrees: the price follows the ship date, not the PO date; notice was 31 days against the 30 required by §4.5; and 950 cases × 240 = 228,000 tubes. It flags one thing for a person — a CRM note that Owen Marsh asked on 20 Aug whether $1.25 could hold until Q4. Ben clicks "Ask Callum Reyes", and Callum answers in the thread. The checker's last line now reads that Callum confirmed no price hold was agreed.

    “No — I checked with Hana and we did not agree a price hold. Owen knows. Go ahead, and copy me.”

  7. 0709:26 · the draft

    The reply in the customer's terms, and the next dispute found

    Reply and credit drafter · Root-cause analyst

    The drafter has written to Rhea, copying Owen Marsh and Callum, using their PO number and portal reference. It attaches Amendment No. 3 and the order acknowledgement, asks Ashcombe to release the invoice for payment of $316,200 by its due date, 18 October, and prepares the same answer for Ashcombe's supplier portal, where the invoice shows "On hold". Ben can edit it in place or tell the agents in plain words — "Make the reply softer", "Copy Marta Kowal". Below it, the root-cause analyst has found four open Ashcombe POs that still say $1.25 — 516,000 tubes, $61,920 at risk of the same dispute — drafted a heads-up to Owen Marsh, and added the case to root cause RC-1, "price changes not reaching customer POs".

    The drafter drafts only. Nothing is sent until Ben approves.

  8. 08Before he signs

    He asks the agents the question he would ask a colleague

    Ben Ortiz · AR specialist

    Ben types "What if a price hold was agreed?" into the case. The contract checker answers at 0.95, with two citations: a price hold agreed in writing would override the amendment for the orders it covered, and the $27,360 would become a credit — above his limit, so Marta Kowal would sign it. Nothing in writing exists: the CRM note only says Owen asked, and Callum confirmed no hold was agreed.

    Anything that changes an amount, a credit or what is sent still comes back to Ben first.

  9. 09One decision

    He approves with a reason; his signature is recorded

    Ben Ortiz · AR specialist

    Ben clicks Approve and send. The dialog states exactly what goes out — the reply to Rhea, cc Owen Marsh and Callum Reyes, with the amendment and the acknowledgement, posted on Ashcombe's supplier portal, no credit — and asks for a reason: "Invoice correct — contract price applies". A note for the record is optional. No credit is involved, so it is within his authority; a credit above $10,000 would go to Marta Kowal instead.

    “Signed as Ben Ortiz · Wed 14 Oct 2026 · kept in the audit trail.”

  10. 10Sent · answered

    Sent, posted and followed up

    Proof gatherer

    The thread records the reply sent to Rhea Talbot with Owen Marsh and Callum Reyes copied, the answer posted on Ashcombe's supplier portal with 2 attachments, and the heads-up on the four POs sent to Owen. The case reads "Answered · waiting for Ashcombe", and the proof gatherer will read Ashcombe's portal and the bank receipts on Fri 16 Oct, their next payment run.

    “Reply sent and posted on their portal. The Proof gatherer checks their payment run on Fri 16 Oct.”

Who it’s for

Built for everyone who settles a dispute.

The same dispute, seen by the four people who carry it — what their month looked like, and what it looks like now.

BO
Ben OrtizAR specialist · disputes, North America · signs credits to $10,000
AR specialist
Before
Spends half his day finding the PO, the amendment and the delivery proof across five places, then writes the reply from scratch.
Now
Opens each case with the proof pack built and a decision proposed, asks the agents what he would ask a colleague, and approves, edits or rejects with a reason.
MK
Marta KowalAR manager · signs credits from $10,000 to $50,000
AR manager
Before
Signs credit memos from a request, without the proof in front of her, and wants to know someone other than the requester checked.
Now
Sees each credit with the memo, the decision and the independent contract check — Halden Diagnostics' $10,830, 38 of 64 cartons damaged — asks the agents why it is owed, and approves or rejects with a reason.
GA
Grace AchebeController · signs credits above $50,000
Controller
Before
Answers to the auditors for every credit over materiality, and has to assemble its proof herself.
Now
Reads a written report with three numbers and cited sources — who was right on the $19.60M decided since July — and signs credits above $50,000 with the proof and the contract check in front of her.
CR
Callum ReyesSales account manager · Ashcombe Labs and others
Sales account manager
Before
Hears about a dispute when the customer complains to him, and gets asked things the contract already answers.
Now
Is asked one question the contract cannot answer — was a price hold agreed? — answers in the case, and is copied on the reply.
Built on the engine

8 agents. Each with one job, and hard limits.

Eight agents read, prove, decide, cross-check against the contract and draft; the AR specialist approves and managers sign credits.

Intake reader

Reads every dispute wherever it arrives — email, customer AP portals, the dispute form, call notes, short payments — links it to the invoice line, computes the disputed amount, pauses reminders on that amount only and acknowledges under rule R-01.

  • Never opens a case below 0.85 confidence without a person
  • Pauses only the disputed amount
  • Merges duplicates only with approval
Classifier

Sets the reason code, the owner and the answer date from the reason codes and answer times.

  • Uses only approved reason codes
Proof gatherer

Plans the proof each reason needs and gathers it: PO, contract and amendments, price list, acknowledgement, proof of delivery, photos, earlier invoices, CRM notes.

  • Read-only everywhere
  • Reports a source it could not read; never guesses it
Decision agent

Weighs the proof item by item against the disputed line and proposes who is right and by how much.

  • Proposes only
  • No proposal without cited proof
  • Asks a person below 0.85 confidence
Contract checker

A second, independent opinion: checks the decision against the contract — effective dates, notice, tolerances, price protection — and can disagree.

  • Works without seeing the first agent's reasoning
  • Any disagreement goes to a person with both arguments
Reply and credit drafter

Drafts the reply in the customer's terms, the credit memo when one is owed, and the post for the customer's portal, with the proof attached.

  • Drafts only — a person approves
  • Routes credits by the approval limits
Root-cause analyst

Traces each case to the step where it started, finds the same cause in open orders and invoices, and proposes the fix to the owning team.

  • Proposes fixes; owners decide
Report writer

Writes the morning brief and the monthly report in plain words, every number cited.

  • Marks estimates as estimates
AR specialist and approvers

Approve replies; sign credits by limit. The agents propose; a named person decides.

Ask in plain words

Ask about any dispute, customer or credit

There is an ask box on the morning brief, in every case, on each new dispute and under every credit memo. Ask in plain words, or tell the agents what to change. They answer with sources and act on your word — and anything that changes an amount, a credit or what is sent still comes back to you.

Why is the Ashcombe Labs invoice right?

Amendment No. 3, signed by Ashcombe's Owen Marsh on 1 August, sets $1.37 per tube for deliveries shipped from 1 September. INV-20931 shipped on 16 September, and our acknowledgement at $1.37 was not objected to. Their PO kept the old $1.25.

What if a price hold was agreed?

If a price hold had been agreed in writing, it would override the amendment for the orders it covered, and the $27,360 would be a credit — above your limit, so Marta Kowal would sign it. Nothing in writing exists: the CRM note only says Owen asked, and Callum confirmed no hold was agreed.

What is due this week?

Four answers are due by Friday: Oxenford Health today (with Marta Kowal), Sable Ridge Mining and Orrin Medical Group on 16 Oct (both waiting for sales), and Quintrell Hotels on 16 Oct — its reply is ready for you. One is past due: Stanmore Rail Services, with Grace Achebe since 8 Oct.

Approve every customer-right credit within my limit

I can't approve credits — you sign them. Six are ready and within your $10,000 limit, $23,640 in all, each with its proof and the contract check. Halden's $10,830 is not among them: it goes to Marta.

Every screen

The working solution, as it ships.

13 screens from the working solution, on its sample data. Pick one to see it large.

TodayWhat needs the AR specialist today in four numbers, the Needs you list in the agents' suggested order, and the morning brief with sources and an ask box.
Asking the morning briefThe AR specialist asks what is due this week; the report writer answers in the thread, case by case, with who holds each one.
The dispute caseThe customer's thread with each agent's step, confidence and citations on the left; the proof pack with the disputed line and the proposed resolution on the right.
A source, openedAmendment No. 3 opened from the proof pack, with the clause the agents used highlighted.
The contract checkThe second agent's checks against the contract, the question sales was asked and the answer, in the thread.
Asking inside the caseThe drafted reply with its attachments and portal post, the root-cause analyst's heads-up on open orders, and the contract checker answering "What if a price hold was agreed?" with citations.
Approve and sendWhat will be sent and posted, the reason, an optional note and the signature recorded in the audit trail.
AnsweredThe approval, the reply sent, the portal post and the heads-up recorded in the thread, and the follow-up on the customer's payment run.
New disputesArrivals from email, portals, the dispute form, calls and short payments, each linked to its invoice line with a proposed case to accept, fix or close — and an ask box for the intake reader.
Credits by approverThe AR manager's view: Halden Diagnostics' $10,830 credit memo with the decision, the independent contract check, and her question "Why is this credit owed?" answered in the thread before she approves.
Root causesEvery resolved dispute traced to where it started, with the owner, the proposed fix and what is at risk now.
The written reportDays to resolve, what is in dispute by reason, who was right and the root causes — in plain words, every number cited.
Your rulesThe rules the agents follow, two of which cannot be turned off, beside approval limits, reasons and answer times, roles and connected systems.
Governance

Built for credit control: cited, checked twice, signed.

Every value cites its sourceEach agent statement and proof item carries a citation; clicking it opens the passage it came from — the PO, the amendment clause, the proof of delivery — with the text the agent used highlighted.
Two agents before a person sees itThe contract checker re-checks every decision against the contract on its own. This rule cannot be turned off, and anything it cannot clear goes to a person with both arguments.
Credits signed within authorityThe AR specialist approves credits up to $10,000, the AR manager up to $50,000 and the controller above. The person who approves a credit is never the person who requested it, and the ERP posts the credit only after signing.
Agents propose; they never act aloneThe agents never send, post a credit or change an invoice, and hold no permissions. Customer portals are read-only except for posting an approved answer, and the agents never reset a portal password.
Decisions signed with a reasonEvery approval and rejection carries a reason and an optional note. A rejection sends nothing and puts the case back to the agents to look again.
Audit trail and an evidence pack per caseEvery read, decision, approval and message — agents and people — is on the audit trail with its source, kept 7 years. One click builds the case's evidence pack for an auditor or the customer, and changes to settings are proposals the AR manager approves.
Configuration

Your credit policy and your answer times

Approval limits, reason codes and the rules the agents follow are settings. Every change is a proposal the AR manager approves, and two rules cannot be turned off.

SettingDefaultChoose from
Credit approval limitsAR specialist to $10,000 · AR manager to $50,000 · controller aboveAny amounts, proposed from your delegation of authority
Any credit on a paid invoice or a closed periodGoes to the AR manager, whatever the amountOn · off
Write-off of a disputed balance (no credit memo)AR manager, up to $2,500Any amount
Answer times by reason codePrice 10 · Damaged goods 15 · Duplicate billing 5 · Discount 5 daysDays per reason code, with its owner and the proof the agents gather
R-01 · Acknowledge every new disputeWithin 1 business day, with the answer dateOn · off — approved text, version 4
Below 0.85 confidence the agents do not proposeOn — they ask a personOn · off
Tell sales before a credit above $5,000 is approvedOnOn · off
Second-agent contract check · never send or post without approvalOnCannot be turned off
Connections

Works with the systems a dispute's proof already lives in

ERPinvoices, orders, price lists and credit memos — read, and post approved credits
Contract repositorysupply agreements and amendments, read-only
Carrier portalsproof of delivery and exceptions
CRMaccount notes and owners, read-only
Disputes mailbox and customer AP portalsdisputes read where they arrive; approved answers posted back
Collections and cash applicationreminders paused on disputed amounts only; short payments become disputes
What it changes

The difference, in numbers.

Every figure is labelled: a target the solution is built to, an estimate, a typical published result, or a proven one.

target
$0
of undisputed balance held for want of an ask: only the disputed line waits
Held today (Ashcombe)$316,200
Really in dispute$27,360
target
100%
of credits checked against the contract by a second agent before posting
every credit
two agents, then a person
target
8days
to settle a dispute, against 30–60 days typical
Typical30–60 days
Target≈ 8 days

“demo” = seen in the working solution, on its sample data · “target” = the design goal, measured in the live solution · “estimated” = our estimate · “typical” = published figures (Vertex survey of 300 AR professionals, 2020 — 39% say disputes cause over a quarter of their late payments; Atradius 2025 — B2B disputes take 30–60 days to resolve in North America). People, companies, invoices and portals named on this page are fictional — characters and sample data in the working solution.

Questions

What AR and finance leaders ask us.

What is Invoice Dispute Management?

Dispute management software for B2B accounts receivable teams. Eight agents read each customer dispute wherever it arrives, link it to the invoice line, gather the PO, contract, amendments and proof of delivery, propose who is right with an independent check against the contract, and draft the reply and any credit memo in the customer's terms. The AR specialist approves, edits or rejects with a reason, and credits above their limit go to the AR manager or the controller.

How does it gather the proof for an invoice dispute?

The proof gatherer plans the proof each reason code needs — for a price dispute the customer PO, the contract and amendments, the ERP price list and the order acknowledgement — and reads it, read-only, from the ERP, contract repository, carrier portals, CRM and mailbox. Each item is marked for the invoice, for the customer, context or missing, and opens its source passage. A source it cannot read is reported, never guessed.

Does the whole invoice stay on hold during a dispute?

No. The intake reader pauses reminders on the disputed amount only, and the reply asks for the undisputed balance on its due date. In the working solution's example, $27,360 of a $316,200 invoice was in dispute and $288,840 stayed due on schedule.

How are credit memos approved?

When the customer is right, the drafter prepares the credit memo with the proof and the contract check. Credits are routed by approval limits — up to $10,000 by the AR specialist, up to $50,000 by the AR manager and above that by the controller, as set in your settings. The requester never approves their own credit, and the ERP posts it only after signing.

Can the AI decide a dispute on its own?

No. The decision agent proposes, only with cited proof, and asks a person below 0.85 confidence. A second agent checks every decision against the contract without seeing the first one's reasoning, and any disagreement goes to a person. The agents never send a reply, post a credit or change an invoice.

Does it find the root cause of disputes?

Yes. The root-cause analyst traces each case to the step where it started — a price change that never reached the customer's PO, a short shipment invoiced at the ordered quantity, delivery terms wrong in master data — and searches open orders for the same cause. It proposes the fix to the owning team, who decide.

Do people stay in control?

Yes. The AR specialist approves, edits or rejects every proposed resolution with a reason, and nothing is sent until they do. Credits are signed by the person whose limit covers them, settings changes are proposals the AR manager approves, and every step is on the audit trail with an evidence pack per case.

How long does it take to go live?

The Agentic Solution Engine builds and deploys it from your requirements and documents — your reason codes, approval limits, contracts and a sample of past disputes — and it goes live once every quality gate has passed. First-time setup connects the ERP, contracts, carriers, CRM, mailbox and portals, and the agents re-decide 50 of last month's closed disputes so your team can compare.

See it on
your disputes.

We'll run Invoice Dispute Management on a sample of your own closed disputes, contracts and credit memos.