SystemSpecial Education & Disability Services

IEP Service Minutes & Compensatory Services

IEP service minutes reconciled against every provider log each night, with make-up planned while it still fits this term

Missed minutes made up this term, before they become a compensatory order.

See one case, screen by screen ↓
demo14,240minutesof IEP services owed across the district this term, by service, on this sample day
demo3,905logsread overnight against 14,112 service lines; 17 missed sessions left for a person
target85%of owed minutes made up within the same term
typical50studentsmedian caseload of a school speech-language pathologist, against 40 called manageable
In short

What is IEP Service Minutes & Compensatory Services?

IEP Service Minutes & Compensatory Services reconciles IEP service minutes against provider logs every night and drafts make-up offers, for case managers. Seven agents count only the minutes district policy says are owed, warn while make-up still fits this term, place make-up into open provider slots, and draft the compensatory services offer and prior written notice. Case managers, the supervisor and the coordinator approve.

AI in education: a buyer's guide to agentic AI for colleges, universities and school districts →

Updated

The problem

Why missed IEP service minutes are found too late to make up

IEP service minutes are a promise written into every IEP: speech-language therapy twice a week for 30 minutes, occupational therapy, counseling, specialized instruction, each with its frequency, location and duration under 34 CFR 300.320. The promise lives in the IEP system, the sessions in a provider service log, and the reason a session did not happen in attendance, the school calendar and a provider's leave calendar. A therapist leaves, a counselor is pulled into testing, an assembly cuts a session short, and nobody adds it up.

So shortfalls surface at progress-report time, in a parent's complaint or in a state decision, when the minutes no longer fit this term. They become compensatory services, often with an outside provider after school or in summer, decided under a state complaint's 60-day clock. A spreadsheet counts every miss the same, though a student absence is not owed and a vacancy is. IEP Service Minutes & Compensatory Services puts seven agents on that reconciliation every night, so a case manager acts in October, not in January.

typical15 of 68sessionsalleged missed speech sessions one state confirmed as owed in a 2025 complaint decision; the rest fell on non-school days, school events or student absences
typical50studentsmedian school speech-language pathologist caseload, so vacancies and contracted coverage are routine
Where the school days go, from a missed session to a make-up plan or an offerestimated
By hand51 days
With the solution5.6 days
  • Noticing that a session was missed (late logs, a monthly export)20 → 1 d
  • Working out whether the district owes it, from attendance, calendars and policy3 → 1 d
  • Finding open slots across providers, contracted hours and teletherapy5 → 0.5 d
  • Approving the make-up schedule and telling the family3 → 1 d
  • Drafting the compensatory offer and prior written notice, translated10 → 2 d
  • Rebuilding the minutes for a complaint or monitoring visit10 → 0.1 d

Estimated split in school days for one missed-minutes case, by hand and with the agents; our arithmetic, kept modest. The nightly run and the supervisor's two-day review window are the working solution's settings.

How it works

How minutes are kept

Seven agents reconcile, classify, warn, schedule and draft; the case manager approves and the coordinator approves the larger awards.

What comes in
Records in5 systems · IEP, provider logs, calendars, attendance, contracts
Agents at work
Reconciliation agentevery log, nightly
Then
Cause agentowed, not just missed
Early warning agentlast make-up date
Then
Scheduler agentopen slots across schools
Then
Offer agenthome language + English
Audit pack agentexport for the state
A person decides
Case managerapproves · coordinator over 300 minutes or outside provider
What comes out
Make-up booked
Offer and notice
Export pack
One case, step by step

One speech vacancy, from missed IEP service minutes to a signed compensatory offer

Thursday, October 22, 2026, at Marlow Bay Unified School District. The speech-language position at Wexley Park Elementary has been vacant since October 6. Here is what happens, screen by screen, in the working solution.

  1. 012:00–2:31 a.m.

    Every provider log read against the IEP overnight

    Reconciliation agent

    The agent read 3,905 session logs against 14,112 service lines: 3,714 delivered as prescribed, 23 that do not match the IEP line, 168 missed and 41 with no log yet. One school's provider calendar did not answer after three tries, and the run says so, with a Retry, instead of guessing.

    Mismatches: 9 group sessions logged for an individual line, 8 shorter than the IEP minutes, 6 logged against an ended IEP.

  2. 02Before the school day

    Missed is not the same as owed

    Cause agent

    Each of the 168 missed sessions is classified under the district's written policy: 104 owed, 47 not owed, 17 that need a person. The agent says why it is unsure: Ethan W.'s log says "state testing", but grade 7 tests on Oct 22, so it proposes at 0.58, below the 0.85 threshold, and a person decides.

  3. 03A cause change

    Changing a student's owed minutes takes a second person

    Ines Calloway · Special Education Coordinator

    Elena V.'s Oct 21 speech-language session, 20 minutes, is changed by Ines Calloway to "Student absent: not owed". Because that alters a student's owed minutes, the ledger does not move until the Related Services Supervisor confirms it.

    A change that alters owed minutes needs the Related Services Supervisor.

  4. 047:45 a.m.

    Nadia K.'s IEP service minutes as a burn-down

    Dana Whitfield · IEP case manager

    Nadia K., grade 3, has speech-language twice a week for 30 minutes. Through Oct 20 she was due 450 minutes and received 260. Of the 190 missed, the district owes 160: her Sep 24 absence is not owed, the Sep 29 assembly cost 10 minutes, and five sessions while the position was vacant cost 150. The prescribed line is straight, delivered is stepped, and the gap is shaded.

    Make-up still fits until Jan 5.

  5. 05Approved

    Make-up sessions placed in open slots, approved by the case manager

    Dana Whitfield

    The Scheduler agent drafted four 40-minute sessions with Jordan Ellis of Tidewell Therapy Partners on Nov 3, 10 and 17 and Dec 1, 1:30–2:10 p.m., individual, in the speech room, outside her reading and math blocks. Dana approves, the sessions are booked, and all 160 minutes are made up by Dec 1.

  6. 06The vacancy

    A make-up plan for 41 students across contracts and teletherapy

    Scheduler agent

    The vacancy leaves 41 students owed 2,460 minutes. The agent finds contracted afternoons with Tidewell Therapy Partners on Tuesdays and Thursdays, 12:45–3:15, and a Wednesday teletherapy block with Corwen Teletherapy, 8:15–10:15. That makes up 2,100 minutes for 35 students by January 29; Marcus Oyelaran, the Related Services Supervisor, proposes the plan.

  7. 07Six students

    Why six students cannot be placed this term

    Scheduler agent

    The plan says, student by student, why a slot would break the IEP, the family's choice or core instruction: Yusuf H. would lose reading intervention or occupational therapy, Lily C. is in half-day kindergarten, Amara O. moves schools on Nov 9, and two families declined teletherapy. Their 360 minutes go to compensatory offers.

  8. 08Signed

    The coordinator approves the contracted hours; the proposer cannot

    Ines Calloway · Special Education Coordinator

    Ten Tuesday and ten Thursday afternoons with Tidewell and ten Wednesday teletherapy blocks, $6,510 from fund 3310, for 2,100 minutes by Jan 29. A vacancy plan that spends contracted hours needs the coordinator, and the person who proposed it can never approve it.

  9. 09The offer

    A compensatory services offer and prior written notice in Arabic, with English beside it

    Offer agent

    Yusuf H., grade 2, is owed 90 minutes. The agent drafts three 30-minute Saturday sessions on Nov 7, 14 and 21 with Tallow Creek Speech & Language, an outside provider, and the prior written notice in his family's language, with all seven 34 CFR 300.503(b) elements ticked and cited. Dana Whitfield signs as case manager; because the provider is outside the district, Ines Calloway approves before it is sent.

  10. 10One pack

    Every minute, its cause and its approver, sealed for the state

    Ken Farrow · Compliance Auditor

    For the Wexley Park vacancy, 41 students from Oct 6 to today, the pack gathers 492 sessions, 2,460 minutes owed, 2,100 planned and 360 offered, with every approval, notice and the record of access. Other students are redacted, and the pack is sealed.

Who it’s for

Built for everyone who answers for a student's IEP service minutes.

The same minutes, seen by the four people who carry them: what their week looked like, and what it looks like now.

IC
Ines CallowaySpecial Education Coordinator · approves awards, outside providers and vacancy plans for 62 schools
Special Education Coordinator
Before
Learns what the district owes from progress reports and complaints, when the minutes no longer fit this term.
Now
Sees minutes owed by service every morning and approves the plans that spend contracted hours, with the cost and the budget on the screen.
DW
Dana WhitfieldIEP case manager · 24 students on her caseload, plus teaching
IEP case manager
Before
"I find out a therapist was out when the progress report is due."
Now
Opens a student's burn-down with the owed minutes, the make-up deadline and a drafted schedule she approves in one step.
MO
Marcus OyelaranRelated Services Supervisor · 180 providers, three open positions, two contracts
Related Services Supervisor
Before
Builds vacancy coverage in a spreadsheet, one provider calendar at a time.
Now
Gets a make-up plan across providers, contracts and teletherapy, with the reason each student could not be placed, and confirms cause changes.
KF
Ken FarrowCompliance Auditor · reads everything, changes nothing
Compliance Auditor
Before
Rebuilds the minutes from exports and email for every state complaint or monitoring visit.
Now
Builds a sealed, redacted pack with every minute, its cause, its evidence and its approver.
Built on the engine

7 agents. Each with one job, and hard limits.

Seven agents reconcile, classify, warn, schedule and draft; the case manager approves and the coordinator approves the larger awards.

Reconciliation agent

Every night at 2:00 a.m., reads every provider log and compares it with the IEP service line: minutes, frequency, group or individual, and dates.

  • Never edits a log or an IEP
  • A mismatch goes back to the provider
Cause agent

Classifies each missed session under the district's written policy, citing attendance, the school and testing calendars and the provider's leave.

  • Below 0.85 confidence, a person decides
  • An override that changes owed minutes waits for the supervisor
Early warning agent

Projects each service line to the end of the term and marks the last date its shortfall can still be made up at one extra session a week.

  • Only flags; never contacts a family
Scheduler agent

Finds open slots across providers, schools, contracted hours and teletherapy, and drafts make-up plans that respect each IEP and the bell schedule.

  • Never books without approval
  • Never core reading or math
  • Never teletherapy without consent
Offer agent

Drafts the compensatory services offer and the prior written notice in the family's home language, with the English beside it and every 300.503(b) element cited.

  • Never sends
  • Never decides the amount; the IEP team does
Log follow-up agent

Pre-fills providers' logs from their calendars and attendance, and asks for late logs.

  • Never writes a log for a provider
  • Tells the supervisor on day 3
Audit pack agent

Builds the export pack for a complaint or monitoring visit, redacts other students and seals it.

  • Read-only
Case manager and coordinator

Approve make-up and awards. The agents propose; a named person decides.

Ask in plain words

Ask about any student, service line, provider or offer

The assistant answers from the IEP service lines, the provider logs, attendance and the calendars, shows its sources, and sends any change it suggests to the person who approves it.

Why does Nadia K. owe 160 minutes, not 190?

Nadia's IEP gives her two 30-minute sessions a week. Through Oct 20 she was due 450 minutes and received 260. Of the 190 missed, the district owes 160: Sep 24, student absent, 0 of 30; Sep 29, an assembly cut the session to 20 minutes, 10; Oct 6–20, position vacant, five sessions, 150. The drafted schedule makes up all 160 by Dec 1, in four 40-minute sessions with Jordan Ellis.

Which missed sessions need me today?

17 of last night's 168 are below the 0.85 confidence threshold. The three that matter most: Elena V., whose log says absent while attendance says present all day; Noor A., with no provider on the calendar although a visiting SLP signed in; and Ethan W., logged as "state testing" although grade 7 tests on Oct 22.

Which Wexley Park students can't be made up this term, and why?

Six of 41, 360 minutes. The Scheduler checked every open slot against each IEP and the bell schedule, and the Offer agent drafted a compensatory offer for each of the six.

What does the Wexley Park plan cost, and from which budget?

$6,510 from the related services contracts budget, fund 3310, which has $180,120 available: 50 contracted hours with Tidewell on Tuesday and Thursday afternoons, $4,750, and 20 teletherapy hours with Corwen on Wednesdays, $1,760. The business office raises the purchase order after you approve.

Every screen

The working solution, as it ships.

13 screens from the working solution, on its sample data. Pick one to see it large.

IEP service minutes owed, with one student's burn-downMinutes owed this term by service: speech-language 6,840, occupational therapy 2,115, counseling 1,380, specialized instruction 3,905, each split into what still fits and what goes to offers. Nadia K.'s speech-language line is a burn-down, prescribed against delivered with the shortfall shaded: 160 minutes owed and "Make-up still fits until Jan 5".
Why a missed session is owed, with its sourcesNadia K.'s Oct 6 session: position vacant, 0 minutes delivered, 30 owed. The Cause agent read the Wexley Park speech room calendar and applied district policy SE-14 §3(a) at 0.99 confidence, above the 0.85 threshold, each step cited.
Make-up sessions approved by the case managerDana Whitfield approves four 40-minute sessions, 1:30–2:10 p.m., individual and in person, outside reading and math, at the contracted rate of $95 an hour. All 160 minutes are made up by Dec 1.
Early warning before make-up stops fitting this term128 service lines within 15 school days of the last date their shortfall can be made up, nearest first. Wexley Park speech-language alone is 41 lines and 2,460 minutes, and many lines go to the Scheduler agent in one action.
Missed sessions classified as owed or not owedLast night's 168 missed sessions under the district's written policy: 104 owed, 47 not owed, 17 for a person. A tardy arrival, a testing day that does not match the calendar, or a visiting provider who signed in each come with the agent's confidence.
A cause change waits for the supervisorChanging a cause alters a student's owed minutes, so it takes a second person: the Related Services Supervisor confirms before the ledger changes.
Nightly reconciliation of provider logs against IEPsThe 2:00 a.m. run step by step: 3,905 logs read, 3,714 delivered as prescribed, 23 that do not match the IEP line, 168 missed and 41 with no log yet. When a school's provider calendar does not answer, the run says so and offers a Retry.
Make-up plan for a vacant speech-language positionFor the vacancy at Wexley Park Elementary, the Scheduler agent combines contracted afternoons and a teletherapy block to make up 2,100 of 2,460 minutes for 35 of 41 students by Jan 29. The other 360 minutes go to compensatory offers.
Why six students cannot be placed this termFor each of the six, the reason a slot would break the IEP, the family's choice or core instruction: a declined teletherapy consent, a half-day kindergarten, a move to another school, an individual-only line that would fall at lunch.
The coordinator approves the contracted hoursInes Calloway approves the Wexley Park plan: $6,510 from fund 3310 for 2,100 minutes. A vacancy plan that spends contracted hours needs the Special Education Coordinator, and the person who proposed it cannot approve it.
Compensatory services offer and prior written notice in the home languageYusuf H.'s offer for 90 minutes, three Saturday sessions with an outside provider, in Arabic beside English. All seven 34 CFR 300.503(b) elements are cited, with the native-language requirement of 300.503(c), and the path runs from case manager to coordinator to sent.
Audit trail and a sealed export pack for the stateEvery action by people and agents with who, what, when, why and the evidence, and a sealed, redacted pack for the Wexley Park vacancy: 492 sessions, 2,460 minutes owed, 2,100 planned and 360 offered, with approvals, notices and the record of access.
Approval thresholds and maker-checker rulesAdministrators set who approves what: compensatory awards over 300 minutes and any outside provider go to the coordinator, cause changes to the supervisor, one extra make-up session a week, and never core reading or math.
Governance

Built for IDEA risk: owed minutes cited, approved and on the record.

Six roles, separated by dutyProviders log their own sessions; case managers approve make-up and sign offers up to 300 minutes in district; the Related Services Supervisor proposes plans and confirms cause changes; the coordinator approves larger awards, outside providers and vacancy plans; the auditor reads and exports; the administrator configures and approves nothing.
A second person on every decision that changes what is owedA cause change that alters owed minutes waits for the supervisor. Awards over 300 minutes, any outside provider and every vacancy plan wait for the coordinator, and the person who proposed an item can never approve it.
Every minute cites its sourceEach value and agent statement points to the IEP line, the log entry, the attendance record, the calendar or the policy row it came from, one click away.
Agents propose; people book, sign and sendAgents never book a session, sign a letter, send a notice or change a log or an IEP. Agents and models are versioned, the Cause agent works to a 0.85 confidence threshold, and every override carries a reason code.
FERPA and IDEA confidentialityAccess is scoped to a caseload, contracted providers see only their assigned students until the assignment ends, every view of a service record is logged with name, date and purpose (34 CFR 300.614), and translation stays inside the district's environment.
A full audit trail and a sealed packWho, what, when, why and which evidence, for people and agents alike, with a sealed export pack that redacts other students for a state complaint or monitoring visit. Service logs and the ledger are kept 5 years after the student leaves special education.
Configuration

Your service-delivery policy, not ours

What counts as owed, who approves what and how fast it must happen are settings, and every change is logged.

SettingDefaultChoose from
Compensatory award needs the coordinator above300 minutesBelow it, the case manager signs and sends
Outside providers, vacancy plans and contracted hoursNeed the coordinatorThe proposer can never approve
A cause change that alters owed minutesNeeds the supervisorMaker-checker on the student record
Extra make-up sessions per line per week1 a weekTwo with written family consent; never core reading or math unless the IEP team agrees in writing
Provider logs due2 school daysThe agent asks on day 1 and tells the supervisor on day 3
Family response window10 school daysReminder at the halfway mark; then the case manager calls
Cause agent confidence threshold0.85Last evaluation Oct 1: 96.8% agreement with supervisors on 1,200 reviewed sessions
Retention5 years after the student leaves special educationDistrict records schedule; other students redacted in export packs
Connections

Works with the systems a special education office already runs on

IEP systemservice lines, IEP dates and case managers
Provider service logsession logs from district, contracted and teletherapy providers
Provider scheduling calendaropen slots, leave and vacancies
Student information systemattendance, bell schedules, the school calendar and home language
Contract records and ERPcontracts, rates, hours and the contracted services budget
Document management and state reporting portalletters, notices and the monitoring export
What it changes

The difference, in numbers.

Every figure is labelled: a target the solution is built to, an estimate, a typical published result, or a proven one.

target
100%
of logged sessions reconciled against the IEP every night
Reconciled nightly
95,000 sessions a semester
target
85%
of owed minutes made up within the same term
Found at progress reportstoo late to fit
With early warning2,100 of 2,460 in the demo vacancy
target
Minutes
to a complaint or monitoring pack, not weeks
By handWith agents

Sources: ASHA 2024 Schools Survey, SLP caseload characteristics (median caseload 50; 40 called manageable) · Wisconsin Department of Public Instruction, IDEA complaint decision 25-116 (15 of 68 alleged missed speech sessions confirmed) · 34 CFR 300.151(b)(1) (compensatory services as a complaint remedy), 300.152 (60-day complaint timeline), 300.320 (the IEP's services), 300.503 (prior written notice; native language) and 300.614 (record of access) · "target" = design goal, measured in the live solution · "demo" = seen in the working solution, on its sample data · "typical" = published figures · "estimated" = our arithmetic, kept modest. Marlow Bay Unified School District, its schools, providers and the people named on this page are fictional: characters and sample data in the working solution.

Questions

What special education offices ask us.

What is IEP Service Minutes & Compensatory Services?

IEP Service Minutes & Compensatory Services reconciles IEP service minutes against provider logs every night and drafts make-up offers, for case managers. Seven agents count only the minutes district policy says are owed, warn while make-up still fits this term, place make-up into open provider slots, and draft the compensatory services offer and prior written notice. Case managers, the supervisor and the coordinator approve.

How do you calculate IEP service minutes owed?

Prescribed minutes come from the IEP service line, delivered minutes from the provider log, and each missed session is classified under the district's written policy: a provider absence, a vacancy or a school activity is owed; a student absence or a planned no-school day is not. For Nadia K., 190 minutes were missed and 160 are owed. Below 0.85 confidence, a person decides.

What are compensatory services in an IEP?

Compensatory services make up for services an IEP required that a student did not receive, and state complaint remedies can order them under 34 CFR 300.151(b)(1). The Offer agent drafts the offer and the prior written notice for minutes that cannot be made up this term; the IEP team decides the amount, and a person signs and sends.

Does it replace our IEP service log?

No. It reads the provider service log your providers already use. The Log follow-up agent pre-fills each provider's log from the calendar and attendance and asks for late logs, but a provider confirms every log, and no agent writes one for them.

Is prior written notice sent in the family's language?

Letters go in the home language recorded in the student information system, with the original beside English, as 34 CFR 300.503(c) requires unless clearly not feasible. Reviewed templates cover Spanish, Arabic, Vietnamese, Korean, Tagalog, Mandarin, Russian and Haitian Creole, and an interpreter can be requested for a meeting.

Do people stay in control of the decisions?

Yes. Agents never book, sign or send. A case manager approves make-up and signs offers up to 300 minutes; the coordinator approves larger awards, outside providers and vacancy plans; a cause change that alters owed minutes waits for the supervisor; and whoever proposed an item can never approve it.

Can we set our own cause policy and thresholds?

Yes. What counts as owed, the approval thresholds, the extra sessions allowed a week, the clocks for logs, offers and family responses, retention and the agents' confidence threshold are all settings, and every change is logged.

How long does it take to go live?

The Agentic Solution Engine builds and deploys it from your requirements and documents, such as your service-delivery policy and a sample of IEP service lines and provider logs, and it goes live once every quality gate has passed. We will walk you through it on your own records first.

See it on
your service logs.

We'll run IEP Service Minutes & Compensatory Services on a sample of your own IEP service lines and provider logs.