WorkflowFixed Income & Credit Research

Prospectus Review

Prospectus review you can talk to: agents brief every new bond offering memorandum that fits a fund within the hour, every line cited, and people decide every order

Every deal that fits a fund briefed and decided before books close, every line cited.

See one case, screen by screen ↓
demo39minfrom launch to a cited brief on a 312-page Spanish offering circular
demo146of 148 linesre-found on their page by a second agent; the 2 it could not find were withdrawn and shown
demo212portfolioschecked against their rules and holdings four minutes after launch
target100%of term changes announced before books close compared clause by clause and flagged
In short

What is Prospectus Review?

Prospectus Review is AI prospectus review for buy-side credit desks: it reads each new bond prospectus or offering memorandum into a cited credit brief for analysts, so prospectus analysis keeps pace with the new-issue calendar. Seven agents put new issue bonds on one calendar as they launch, check each deal against every fund's rules, write a one-page brief within the hour for each deal a fund can buy, with every line tied to its page, compare revised and final terms with the preliminary, and draft the order. The analyst recommends, the portfolio manager approves and the trader executes.

AI in asset management: a buyer's guide to agentic AI for investment managers →

Updated

The problem

Why prospectus review misses deals before books close

A new high-yield deal arrives with a preliminary offering memorandum of 300 pages or more — a Rule 144A offering memorandum, a European prospectus, often an offering circular in the issuer's own language — and initial price talk the same morning. Before books close the credit analyst has to read the business, the capital structure, the guarantors and collateral, the description of notes and the risk factors, work out which funds can even hold the bond, price it against comparables and give the portfolio manager a recommendation and a size. With about 30 launches a week, the analyst reads the largest deals and the names the funds already own. A well-structured €350M deal that a fund could have bought never gets read.

The fit check comes late: mandate limits sit in pre-trade compliance, and the analyst learns that a fund cannot hold a euro bond or a five-year duration after the PM has asked for it. Then the package moves at pricing. A revised terms notice drops a change of control put or widens a restricted payments basket, and few desks compare it with the preliminary offering memorandum line by line, so an approved order can stand on terms that no longer exist. The note, the chat, the approval and the order sit in four systems, which is what compliance has to piece back together.

typical$2.2trillionof US corporate bonds issued through September 2026, up 24.5%
typical60minutesthe market convention for the least time books stay open after the preliminary document
typical$12.1trillionof US corporate bonds outstanding at the end of Q2 2026
Where an analyst's hours go on one new issueestimated
By hand11.5 days
With the solution1.5 days
  • Finding the deal and getting the preliminary offering memorandum0.5 → 0.1 d
  • Working out which funds can buy it, and how much1 → 0.1 d
  • Reading 300+ pages and writing the one-page note6 → 0.5 d
  • Relative value against the curve and comparables1 → 0.2 d
  • Comparing revised and final terms with the preliminary2 → 0.2 d
  • Recommendation, PM approval and the order1 → 0.4 d

Estimated split for one high-yield new issue with a 300-page preliminary offering memorandum, read properly by hand and with the solution, in hours.

How it works

How a new deal moves

Seven agents check fit, read, cite and compare every new deal; the analyst recommends, the PM approves, the trader executes.

What comes in
Deals inAbout 1,500 deals a year · calendar feed, bookrunners, roadshow sites; any language
Agents at work
Intake agentevery version
Then
Triage agentfit to 212 portfolios
Then
Brief writerany language, cited
Citation checkerevery line
Relative value agent
Then
Diff agentpreliminary vs final
Order draftersizes + pre-trade
A person decides
Analyst, PM, traderrecommend, approve, execute
What comes out
Cited brief within the hour
Approved order by fund
Every change caught
One case, step by step

One prospectus review, from launch to a revised order before books close

Quillfield Capital's high-yield desk reviews new issues for 212 portfolios. On Monday at 08:02 Valdemora Energía, a Spanish wind, solar and gas generator, launches €500M of Senior Secured Notes due 2031, 5NC2, rated B1 / BB- / BB-, under a 312-page Spanish offering circular, with initial price talk of 6.25–6.50% area and books closing Tuesday at 12:00 London. Here is what happens, screen by screen, in the working solution.

  1. 01Tuesday, 10:31

    What needs him before 12:00, and what the agents did since 07:00

    Marco Ruiz · Senior credit analyst

    Marco covers European high yield in London. His Today screen shows 2 deals that need him, 4 books closing today — the first at 12:00, Valdemora — and briefs ready on 7 of this week's 8 deals, a median 41 minutes after launch. Beside it runs a short thread of what the agents did this morning, and an ask box for the desk agents. The top line is the one that matters: the change of control put was removed and his €40M order is on hold.

    “Valdemora: the revised terms notice removed the change-of-control put. Hold proposed on the €40M order; Daniel Okoye confirmed at 10:26.”

  2. 02Monday, 08:06

    Four minutes after launch, every fund knows if it can buy

    Triage agent

    The Intake agent opened the deal from the syndicate calendar feed and matched two bookrunner emails to it. The Triage agent then checked it against the live rules and holdings of 212 portfolios: Global High Yield, Euro High Yield and Strategic Income fit; US High Yield fits with a limit, its non-USD bucket at 19.9% of a 20% cap with room for about €13M. Short Duration cannot buy (duration 4.1 years against 2.5), nor can Core Plus ETF (USD only), EM Corporate (Spain is not on its country list) or the insurance mandate (NAIC 3 equivalent; it takes NAIC 1–2 only). Each line names its rule source, the fund document clause or the house rule built on it, and opens that clause.

    The Triage agent never changes a rule or sets a size.

  3. 03Monday, 08:41 · 39 minutes after launch

    A one-page brief, read in Spanish, every line with its page

    Brief writer and Citation checker

    The Brief writer read all 312 pages in Spanish and wrote the brief to the house template: business, capital structure, guarantors and collateral, covenants, risk factors and relative value, each with a confidence score. The Citation checker re-found 146 of 148 lines on their page and withdrew 2 — one claimed hydro concessions the circular never describes. At the top, the agents list what they will not decide for him: no mortgages over the plants (p. 212), and no blocker on moving assets to unrestricted subsidiaries (p. 230). He can agree, edit or disagree with each.

    “Needs your judgment · The agents found these and will not decide them for you.”

  4. 04Monday, 09:10

    Every line opens the Spanish page beside the English

    Marco Ruiz · Senior credit analyst

    Marco opens the risk factor on the 2026–2031 review of the regulated return for renewables. The source panel shows page 34 of the Folleto de oferta preliminar, the Spanish original beside the English, with the passage highlighted: a 50 basis point cut in the return would reduce annual EBITDA by about €9M. At 09:48 he recommends Buy €40M across three funds; Grace Lindqvist approves at 10:02, and the order is in the book at 10:15.

    “Verified by the Citation checker · found on p. 34 in the original wording · confidence 98%.”

  5. 05Tuesday, 10:20 – 10:26

    The revised terms drop the change of control put

    Diff agent

    The bookrunners' revised terms notice, the Aviso de modificación de términos, arrives at 10:20. Three minutes later the Diff agent has compared it with the preliminary circular, 144 clauses in the original language: one high change, one medium, one for information. Section 4.14, the change of control put at 101%, now reads “[Reservado]”, and the general restricted payments basket rises from €50M to €75M. The Relative value agent reprices fair value to 6.45–6.65%, against guidance of 6.375%. The Diff agent proposes a hold on the €40M order; Daniel Okoye, the trader, confirms it at 10:26.

    The Diff agent never cancels or changes an order. It proposes a hold that the trader confirms.

  6. 0610:31

    He asks the agents to compare it with a deal he knows

    Marco Ruiz · Senior credit analyst

    In the deal's conversation Marco types: compare covenants with Castellar Power 2031. The agents show their plan as they work — find both covenant packages, read 9 clauses in Spanish and English, check every cell against its page — and the Citation checker finds 10 of 10. The table says what he suspected: Castellar kept its change of control put, has a €40M general basket against Valdemora's €75M, has a blocker on unrestricted transfers and mortgages over its plants.

    Every answer cites its pages: notice p. 3, p. 4, p. 230, p. 212, p. 236, and the Castellar brief.

  7. 0710:36

    Buy smaller: €25M, no lower than 6.375%

    Marco Ruiz and the Order drafter

    The Decision tab walks him through it: analyst recommends, PM approves, trader executes, then allocation. The Order drafter has pre-filled Buy smaller from the change — Global High Yield €12M, Euro High Yield €9M, Strategic Income €4M — each within the fund's headroom and passed through the pre-trade check. Marco keeps reason code R3, Terms weakened at pricing, sets the limit at no lower than 6.375% and sends it to Grace with a one-line note.

    The Order drafter never sends an order and never exceeds the approved size.

  8. 0810:39

    The PM approves what changed, with the change beside it

    Grace Lindqvist · Portfolio manager

    Grace runs the Global and Euro High Yield funds and the European sleeve of Strategic Income. In Approvals she sees Marco's Buy smaller €25M, the sizes by fund, the limit, the removed put with its notice page and the repricing, due before 12:00. She can reject, edit sizes or approve; she approves. The Cobalt Ridge order below is locked for her: those are Adrian Cole's funds.

    “Every decision that moves an order, a held position or a rule needs a second person. Nobody approves their own work.”

  9. 0910:44 · books close 12:00

    The trader revises the order, never above the approval

    Daniel Okoye · Syndicate desk trader

    Daniel's Orders screen shows one order to send: Valdemora, revise to €25M, sizes by fund, limit no lower than 6.375%, approved by Grace Lindqvist at 10:39, on order OMS-7731840. He revises it in the order management system before books close. The allocation is recorded when the bookrunners send it, and the Diff agent will compare the final memorandum with the preliminary again when it arrives.

    “Sizes can never exceed the approval; the order management system checks it again.”

  10. 10Same day · due 17:00 London

    A Pass on a name the funds hold needs her signature

    Nadia Kowalczyk · Head of Credit Research

    Kenji Watanabe recommends Pass on Northgate Packaging's $300M add-on: it funds a $250M dividend to the sponsor and takes secured leverage from 4.6x to 5.4x. Quillfield already holds $212.0M of these notes, so the Pass is also a view on the existing position. Nadia countersigns by 17:00 London or returns it to Kenji; once she countersigns, Adrian Cole, the portfolio manager, reviews the position.

    “A Pass on a held name needs the Head of Credit Research's second signature.”

Who it’s for

Built for everyone between the launch and the order.

The same new issue, seen by five of the people who carry it — what a launch day looked like, and what it looks like now.

MR
Marco RuizSenior Credit Analyst, European High Yield · London
Credit analyst
Before
“I can read one memorandum properly before books close. This week there are eight.” Smaller and foreign-language deals go unread.
Now
Opens a cited brief on every high-yield bond prospectus a fund can buy, checks any line against its Spanish, German or French page, and spends his time on the call.
GL
Grace LindqvistPortfolio Manager, Global High Yield · London
Portfolio manager
Before
“Tell me which of my funds can buy it, how much, and what changed.” Hears late which of her funds can hold a deal.
Now
Approves an order indication with the sizes by fund, the limit and any change at pricing on one screen.
DO
Daniel OkoyeSyndicate Desk Trader · London
Syndicate desk trader
Before
“Give me an approved size and a limit, and tell me the minute it changes.”
Now
Confirms the hold the Diff agent proposes, then sends exactly what was approved, with allocations booked by fund when the bookrunners send them.
NK
Nadia KowalczykHead of Credit Research · owns the brief template and covenant checklist
Head of Credit Research
Before
“If we pass on a name we own, I want to know why before the PM does.”
Now
Countersigns or returns every Pass on a held name, and sets the brief template and the 14-point house covenant checklist every brief answers.
OF
Owen FaradayInvestment Compliance · New York
Investment compliance
Before
“Show me who decided, on what document, at what time.” Rebuilds each new-issue decision from four systems.
Now
Exports one evidence pack per deal and approves every fund fit rule change before it goes live.
Built on the engine

7 agents. Each with one job, and hard limits.

Seven agents check fit, read, cite and compare every new deal; the analyst recommends, the PM approves, the trader executes.

Intake agent

Opens each launched deal from the syndicate calendar feed, syndicate-desk emails and deal roadshow sites, fetches every document version and merges duplicates.

  • Never accepts private-side material
  • Never opens a deal without a document
Triage agent

Checks each deal against each portfolio's live rules and holdings — rating floor, currency, duration, issuer and UCITS 5/10/40 limits, SFDR Article 8 exclusions, NAIC limits — and ranks deals by fit and books-close time.

  • Never changes a rule
  • Never sets a size
Brief writer

Reads the whole memorandum in its own language and writes the brief to the house template, a page for every line, with the covenants scored against the house checklist.

  • Never writes a line without a page
  • Never recommends
Citation checker

Re-finds every brief line on its page in the original wording, withdraws any it cannot find and scores each section's confidence.

  • Never edits an analyst's own lines
  • A withdrawn line is shown as withdrawn, with the reason
Relative value agent

Compares initial price talk with the issuer's curve and comparable bonds, and reprices when terms change.

  • Never sets a limit or a size
Diff agent

Compares every new version — revised terms notice, final memorandum — with the preliminary, clause by clause, in the original language, rates each change and reopens the decision when a protection weakens.

  • Never cancels or changes an order
  • Proposes a hold that the trader confirms
Order drafter

Drafts sizes by fund from the recommendation and each fund's headroom, runs the pre-trade check and queues the approved indication for the trader.

  • Never sends an order
  • Never exceeds the approved size
Analyst, PM, trader, Head of Credit Research

Recommend, approve, execute, countersign. The agents propose; a named person decides.

Ask in plain words

Ask about any bond prospectus, in plain words

Ask about any deal, fund or brief — or tell the agents what to do. Every answer gives the page, and people decide.

Why did the agents put the Valdemora order on hold?

At 10:20 the revised terms notice arrived. The Diff agent compared it with the preliminary circular and found the change-of-control put at 101% removed — it was in Section 4.14, p. 241 — and the general restricted payments basket raised from €50M to €75M (notice pp. 3–4). It proposed a hold on the €40M order; Daniel Okoye confirmed it at 10:26.

Which funds can buy Cobalt Ridge, and how much room is left?

Three funds fit: US High Yield, Global High Yield and Strategic Income. Core Plus ETF fits with a limit: its high-yield bucket is at 19.2% of 20%, room for about $94M. Short Duration (duration 5.6), EM Corporate, Euro High Yield and the insurance mandate cannot buy.

Draft a smaller Valdemora order for Grace

The Order drafter prepared Buy smaller €25M: Global High Yield €12M, Euro High Yield €9M, Strategic Income €4M, limit no lower than 6.375%, reason R3 Terms weakened at pricing. Pre-trade checks passed. It is in the Decision tab for Marco to send — nothing has been sent.

Show every deal this year that dropped the change-of-control put

Fourteen deals in the last 12 months weakened it; the four this year that removed or narrowed it most: Valdemora Energía (removed, Oct 20), Calloway Marine Holdings (portability added, Jun 11), Teodora Retail (removed, Mar 4, Spanish) and Ferrant Industrie (double trigger added, Jan 28, French).

Every screen

The working solution, as it ships.

13 screens from the working solution, on its sample data. Pick one to see it large.

Today: new issues that need youThe analyst's prospectus review morning: new issue bonds that need him, books closing today, briefs ready this week, what the agents did since 07:00 and an ask box for the desk agents.
The cited bond prospectus briefThe new-issue calendar on the left; on the right the one-page brief from the offering circular, the Diff agent's note, the points the agents leave to the analyst and each section with its confidence and pages.
Agents reading a new offering memorandumA deal launched at 10:12, read live: the plan, each agent's step with the pages read, and sections appearing once the Citation checker has verified them.
Offering circular page, Spanish beside EnglishOne brief line opened at its source: the Spanish risk factor and the English beside it, highlighted on page 34, verified in the original wording.
Fit to funds at launchEach fund marked fits, fits with a limit or cannot buy, with the rule, the clause it comes from, current holdings and headroom across 212 portfolios.
Changes at pricing: change of control put removedThe revised terms notice against the preliminary offering memorandum, clause by clause in Spanish and English, each change rated, repriced and the standing order on hold.
Ask the agents: compare covenantsThe analyst asks for a covenant comparison with a comparable deal; the agents show their plan, check every cell and cite each page.
The guided decisionRecommend, PM approves, trader executes: Buy smaller with a reason code and limit, and sizes by fund drafted within headroom and passed through the pre-trade check.
PM approval of the order indicationOrder indications, second sign-offs and rule changes; approve, edit sizes or reject, with another PM's funds locked, and questions to the agents answered with their source.
Orders for the syndicate deskApproved indications to send to the order management system with sizes by fund and limit; sizes can never exceed the approval.
Second sign-off on a held nameA Pass on bonds the funds already hold, with the position and the reason, waiting for the Head of Credit Research to countersign or return it.
Audit trail and evidence packEvery person and agent action with who, what, when, why and evidence, and the one-file evidence pack for a deal: brief, documents with hashes, fit, approvals, orders, agent runs and the conversation.
Fund fit rulesThe rules each fund is checked against and the prospectus, agreement clause or house rule each comes from, versioned and approved by investment compliance.
Governance

Prospectus review your compliance team can follow: cited, signed, on the record.

Every line cited, then checked againEach brief line carries its page in the version it came from, with the original sentence for a foreign-language document. A second agent re-finds every line and withdraws any it cannot find, in plain view.
Analyst recommends, PM approves, trader executesMaker and checker always differ: nobody approves their own recommendation, a PM approves only for their own funds, and the trader can never send more than the approved size.
A second signature on a held nameA Pass on a name a fund already holds needs the Head of Credit Research, so the desk decides about the existing position too. Every decision carries a reason code.
Agents propose; people decideAgents never recommend, approve, send, change or cancel an order, or change a rule. A hold on a standing order waits for the trader, and a question drafted for the bookrunners leaves only when the analyst sends it.
Fund rules changed only with complianceEach fund fit rule cites the prospectus or investment management agreement clause it comes from, or the house rule built on it, is versioned, and changes only when the administrator proposes and investment compliance approves. Agent versions follow the same path.
A write-once record and an evidence packWho, what, when, why and on what evidence — down to the SHA-256 of each document version — for every person and agent. Investment compliance exports the evidence pack for a deal as one file. Records are kept 7 years, and EU deals stay in the EU region.
Configuration

Your mandates and house view, not ours

The fund rules, the brief template, the clocks and the record-keeping are settings, versioned, on the audit trail and changed only with compliance's approval.

SettingDefaultChoose from
Fund fit rulesv14 · 1,734 rules across 212 portfoliosRating floor, currency, duration per bond, issuer limits, UCITS 5/10/40, SFDR Article 8 exclusions, high-yield and non-USD buckets, NAIC 1–2 — each citing its fund document clause or house rule
Brief templatev7 · six required sectionsBusiness · Capital structure · Guarantors and collateral · Covenants · Risk factors · Relative value; financial statement notes and questions for the bookrunners when present
House covenant checklist14 checkse.g. change of control at 101%, single trigger · blocker on moving material assets to unrestricted subsidiaries · restricted payments builder at 50% of net income or less · equity claw at par plus coupon, 40% or less
Section confidence below which a person reviews90%Sections under it are marked for review; any line can be edited or overruled with a reason code
Brief readyAt least 2 hours before books closeLaunches within 2 hours get a brief in under 60 minutes
Recommendation, approval and escalation60 · 30 · 30 minutes before books closeWith no decision 30 minutes out, the Head of Credit Research and the PM are alerted
Records kept7 years from the decisionAdvisers Act Rule 204-2 requires 5; MiFID II 5 to 7; compliance can place a legal hold
Where deals are processed and storedBy regionEU and UK deals in the EU region · US and Latin American deals in the US region · Asia-Pacific deals in Singapore
Connections

Works with the systems a new-issue desk already runs on

Syndicate calendar feed and mailboxeslaunches, initial price talk, guidance and bookrunner emails
Deal roadshow sitespreliminary and final offering memoranda and revised terms notices, in any language
Portfolio accountingholdings, buckets and headroom for every portfolio
Order management systempre-trade checks and staged orders; only the trader sends
Market data and ratingsprices, curves and comparables for relative value; agency ratings for the fit check
Research and document managementeach brief and recommendation written back; every document version stored with its hash
What it changes

The difference, in numbers.

Every figure is labelled: a target the solution is built to, an estimate, a typical published result, or a proven one.

target
100%
of term changes announced before books close compared clause by clause and flagged
every clause compared
in the original language
target
Every
deal that fits a fund briefed and decided, not just the largest
Covenant services$250M+ deals only
With agentsevery deal that fits a fund
target
≤ 60min
from launch to a cited brief, against term-sheet analysis within 24 hours
Covenant serviceswithin 24 hours
With agents≈ 39 min

“demo” = seen in the working solution, on its sample data · “target” = the design goal, measured in the live solution · “estimated” = our estimate · “typical” = published figures (SIFMA US Corporate Bonds Statistics, Q3 2026 — $2,195.1 billion issued through September 2026, up 24.5%, and $12.1 trillion outstanding at Q2 2026; ICMA Primary Market Handbook R5.10 and the Investment Association's Guidelines for New Issue Transactions in Fixed Income — books stay open at least 60 minutes after the preliminary document). Quillfield Capital and the people, funds, issuers, banks and identifiers named on this page are fictional — characters and sample data in the working solution.

Questions

What buy-side credit desks ask us.

What is Prospectus Review?

Prospectus Review is AI prospectus review for buy-side credit desks: it reads each new bond prospectus or offering memorandum into a cited credit brief for analysts, so prospectus analysis keeps pace with the new-issue calendar. Seven agents put new issue bonds on one calendar as they launch, check each deal against every fund's rules, write a one-page brief within the hour for each deal a fund can buy, with every line tied to its page, compare revised and final terms with the preliminary, and draft the order. The analyst recommends, the portfolio manager approves and the trader executes.

How does AI review a bond prospectus or offering memorandum?

The Brief writer reads the whole bond offering memorandum — a Rule 144A offering memorandum, a European prospectus or an offering circular — in its own language and writes the brief to your house template: business, capital structure, guarantors and collateral, a covenant analysis scored against your house checklist, risk factors and relative value. A second agent, the Citation checker, re-finds every line on its page and withdraws any it cannot find, and the analyst sees which lines were withdrawn and why.

Can it read an offering circular in Spanish, German or French?

Yes. Documents are read in the original, and every English line opens the original sentence and page beside it. In the working solution the same week covers Spanish, German, French and English deals, and the library holds briefs from Portuguese sources too.

How does it check whether a new issue bond fits each fund's mandate?

The Triage agent applies each fund's rules — rating floor, currency, duration, issuer and UCITS 5/10/40 limits, SFDR Article 8 exclusions, NAIC limits, high-yield buckets — with live holdings from portfolio accounting. Each fund gets fits, fits with a limit or cannot buy, with the rule, the clause it comes from and the headroom.

What happens when terms change between the preliminary offering memorandum and pricing?

The Diff agent compares every revised terms notice, and later the final memorandum, with the preliminary, clause by clause in the original language, and rates each change. When a protection weakens — a change of control put removed, a basket widened — it explains the change, the Relative value agent reprices it, a hold on the standing order is proposed to the trader, and the recommendation goes back to the analyst before books close.

Do people stay in control of the order?

Yes. The agents propose and never recommend, approve, send, change or cancel an order. The analyst recommends with a reason code, the PM approves for their own funds, the trader sends no more than the approved size, and a Pass on a name a fund holds needs the Head of Credit Research's second signature.

What record does compliance get for each new issue?

A write-once audit trail of who did what, when, why and on what document, with the SHA-256 of each version, and an evidence pack per deal, exported as one file: the brief, the documents, the fit check, the recommendations and approvals with reason codes, the order with its hold and revision, the agent runs and the conversation. Records are kept 7 years by default, with legal hold by compliance.

How long does it take to go live?

The Agentic Solution Engine builds and deploys it from your requirements and documents — your fund prospectuses and agreements, brief template, covenant checklist and a sample of past offering memoranda — and it goes live once every quality gate has passed. Setup proposes fit rules from each fund's documents for compliance to approve and tests them on last week's deals.

See it on
your new issues.

We'll run Prospectus Review on a sample of your own past offering memoranda and fund rules.